Apollo and the Greek Muses
Updated 6/10/11
A Brief Comparison of Greek
and Roman Sculpture by Teacher Oz (me):
When comparing Greek and Roman sculpture you need to know about the three
distinct periods of Greek sculpture. The Greek Archaic, Classical, and
Hellenistic styles each represent different ideals. Archaic, best represented by
the Kouros, evolved from Egyptian sculpture. Kouros characteristics were:
rigidity, one foot forward stance, formal hair treatment, bilateral symmetry
(same on left and right), and its frontality (block like). It differed
from the Egyptian in that the sculpture was nude, there was no webbing between
the arms and body, and there was attention to anatomical detail. The Archaic
Kouros was the composite of the athletic ideal through mathematical
formula(1:8). It was not realistic, but idealistic.
During Classical period, the change in sculpture was
embodied by one word: controposto. The most significant change in sculpture to
that date, controposto was the counterbalance, or s-curve of the body. One foot
came forward and the weight distribution became more naturalistic. Besides
conroposto, the other characteristics of Classical sculpture were: head turned
on different plain from body (aloof, representing reason controlled) and less
formal hair treatment. Archaic was carving "stone into body", while
Classical was carving a "body out of stone". "The Canon", by
Polyclitus, is the archetype of classical sculpture. The goal of classical
sculpture was to portray a perfect balance and harmony through art. This
mirrored Greek philosophy.
The Hellenistic period occurred after the Peloponnesian War and a new reality
emerged in Greek sculpture. This sculpture was not idealistic. "The
Boxer" shows the boxer's bleeding knuckles after the fight. Ideal beauty is
no longer the object.
The Roman's mainly stole or copied Greek sculpture. The chief legacy of Roman
art was portraiture. Realism was the key (which would link it to the Hellenistic
style), BUT idealism ruled sculpture when used for propaganda purposes (an
example is the statue of Caesar Augustus).
Essentially,
Classical Greek Sculpture: IDEALISM/UNIVERSALITY
Roman Sculpture: EMPHASIS ON PARTICULAR RATHER THAN UNIVERSAL
GENERAL & COMPREHENSIVE SITES
***** The
Amazing Ancient World - Premier Ancient Civilization Internet Book - for
tons of links, just scroll down to the section on the Ancient Greeks!
ODYSSEAS - Hellenic
Ministry of Culture
The Ancient
Greek World
Ancient Greece -
History, mythology, art, war, culture, society, and architecture
Ancient
Greece Coloring Pages
Internet
Ancient History Sourcebook: Main Page
Major
Figures in Ancient and Classical History
The Greeks - Greeks
Interactive
Differences
Between Classical and Hellenistic Greek
The Amazing Ancient
World - GREECE
EAWC: Ancient Greece
Greece: History
Classical
and Hellenistic Greece
Odyssey Online
Perseus Digital Library - Perseus:
Greek and Roman Materials
Internet Resources: Ancient
Greece
Ancient Greece:
Archaic Greece, 800-500 BC
Ancient
Greek Civilizations
historyforkids:
Ancient Greece
Classical Atlas Project -- Home
Page
The Atrium: For Devotees of Ancient
Greece & Rome
Ancient Classical
History
Greece
Sites
Ancient Greece
Ancient
Greek Civilizations
Hellenistic Greece
The Geography of
Ancient Greece
Ancient
Greece c.2000 to 50 BC
Articles on ancient Greece
Lectures
on Ancient and Early Medieval History - Main
110Tech-Greece
All
Empires - The Mediterranean, Greece & Rome
Mare
Nostrum: The Greeks
CyberMuseum:
Greece
Daily
Life In Ancient Greece & Rome
Latin and Greek
Word Elements
TIMELINE
Timeline of Ancient
Greece
Greek
Timeline
Ancient
Greeks: Timeline
The
Ancient Greek World: Sub-Mycenaean Period and the Early Iron Age - Geometric
Period - Early
Archaic Period - Archaic
Period - Classical
Period - Hellenistic
Period
THE MINOANS, MYCENEANS, & THE GREEK DARK AGES
The Prehistoric
Archaeology of the Aegean
Barbarians and Bureaucrats:
Minoa, Mycenae, and the Greek Dark Ages - Contents
MAP:
Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations c. 2000 B.C.
The Minoans
Linear
A and Linear B Script: The Ancient Writing of Minoan Crete
The
Linear B Tablets and Mycenaean Organization - Ancient
Scripts: Linear B
The
First Palaces in the Aegean - Minoan
Palace
Minoans: Religion
Minoans: Women in
Minoan Culture
Minoans: Minoan Visual
Culture
The
Early Minoan Period:The Settlements
The History of Plumbing (CRETE)
The Myceneans
Rise
of Myceneans
Mycenean
Mycenean Religion
The Dark Ages
THE MACEDONIANS & ALEXANDER THE GREAT
TIMELINE:
Alexander the Great
Alexander
the Great Timeline
Chronology
of the reign of Alexander the Great
Map: Alexander the
Great's move through the East
Alexander the
Great - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Army of
Alexander the Great
Alexander
the Great on the Web
ALEXANDER THE GREAT,
Project by JJP
The Great Homepage of
Alexander, or Something Like That
History
House: Stories: Philip of Macedon (and Pausanias)
Alexander Changes the World
HWC,
Alexander the Great
The
Search for Alexander
History
House: Alexander the Great
Plutarch's
ALEXANDER
Hellenistic Greece:
Alexander
Bucephalus - The
story of Bucephalus and Alexander the Great - Alexander
the Great and Bucephalus
History of Macedonia
Kings of
Ancient Macedonia
About Alexandria and the
North Coast of Egypt
The
Library of Alexandria
More on Alexander the Great - plus info on Alexandria -
can be found on my Ancient Egypt
page!
ART & ARCHITECTURE
ART HISTORY
RESOURCES: Ancient Greece and Rome
Ancient Greek
Colonization and Trade and their Influence on Greek Art
Greek and
Roman Art in the Ancient World
Archaic
Greek Sculpture Images
The
Parthenon at Athens - SUPER!
***** Parthenon
is a FANTASTIC site!
The
Acropolis Museum - opened June 20, 2009!
Acropolis
Tour
Parthenon
Gallery - Acropolis Plan - Acropolis
Plan
Virtual Tour of
Acropolis
Acropolis of Athens - 360 Virtual
Tour
GOOGLE EARTH
Acropolis Virtual Tour (You Tube Video)
The Parthenon -
Ictinus and Callicrates with Phidias
Greek
Art
Classical Greek Sculpture: Home
Hellenistic
Greek Sculpture
Greek
Architecture - More
on Greek Architecture - Still
More on Greek Architecture
Greek
Kouroi
National
Archaeological Museum of Athens
Archaeological Museum
of Delphi
Ancient
Greece Coloring Pages
Classical
Orders of Architecture
The Greek Orders: Doric
Column, Doric
entablature, Doric
Temple, Doric
Column Breakdown, Ionic
Column, Ionic
entablature, Ionic
capital, Corinthian
entablature
The Corinthian Page
The
Ancient Greek World: Greek Pottery - Pottery
Overview - Commercial
Uses of Pottery - Attic
Black Figure and Red Figure - Images
of Pottery
Greek
Art: Sculpture and Vase Painting
The Seven
Wonders: The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
The Seven Wonders: The Colossus
of Rhodes
For more sites, visit my Art
by Period page!
GREEK ALPHABET AND LANGUAGE
Greek
Alphabet - Greek Alphabet
Table
Evolution of
Greek Characters
Latin and Greek
Word Elements
Greco-Roman
Glossary
GLOSSARY:
Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
More on the evolution of writing on my General
Ancient History page.
ANCIENT GREEK ECONOMY
The
Ancient Greek World: Economy - Coinage - Coinage
Technique - Coinage
Types
Life in
Ancient Greece Reflected in the Coinage of Corinth
Ancient Greek and Roman Coins
History
of Money from Ancient Times to the Present Day
The Ancient
Greek World: Economy - Trade
Ancient Trade Routes
Ancient Greek
Colonization and Trade and their Influence on Greek Art
WOMEN & DAILY LIFE
***** Daily
Life Ancient Greece
Diotima: Women & Gender in the
Ancient World
Women
in Classical Greek Culture
Women's
Life
WOMEN IN THE
ANCIENT WORLD
Ancient Greek Clothing
- The
Ancient Greek World: Women's Dress & Toiletries - Ancient
Greek Jewelry - Greek
Clothing - History for Kids! - J.
Moyr Smith's Ancient Greek Female Costume - Ancient
Greek Dress
Ancient Greece - Women
Ancient Greek Women in
Athens
Primary Texts on Women in
Ancient Greece & Rome
The Role of Women in Ancient
Greek Art
Texts
about Women & Children in Ancient Greece
Legal
Status in the Greek World
Women
in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds
EAWC
Anthology: Lysistrata
Greek
Philosophy on the Inferiority of Women
Aristotle on reason, the
state, slavery and women
Ancient
History Sourcebook: Aristotle: Spartan Women
Ancient
History Sourcebook: Aristotle: On a Good Wife
Images
of the Greek Wedding - The
Greek and Roman Wedding
Coming
of Age in Ancient Greece (Getty Exhibitions)
Culture
of Athens
Greek
People
Daily
Life In Ancient Greece & Rome
The Ancient
Greek World: The Greek House - House
Furnishings - The
Greek House - Images
of Furniture on Greek Vases
The
Ancient Greek World: Drinking Parties
A Taste of
the Ancient World: Greco-Roman eating, drinking, & farming
The Ancient
Greek World: Men's Life
The
Ancient Greek World: Hunting
The
Ancient Greek World: Men and Horses
Greek
Food - Food
in Antiquity
Greek
Clothing - Images
of Greek Costume
The History of Plumbing -
Greece
The
Ancient Greek World: Precious Oils and Cosmetics
Public
Life
Private
Life
Occupations
Men's
Opinions
Medicine
and Anatomy
EDUCATION
The
Ancient Greek World: Schooling
Coming
of Age in Ancient Greece - School
Education
in Antiquity
Images
of Greek Education
Ancient Greece for Kids
- Education, comparison Athens vs Sparta
ATHENS & THE BIRTH OF DEMOCRACY
Polis
The
Foundations of the Greek Polis
The
ANIMATED map as history: Ancient Greece: Athenian Democracy
The Ancient City of Athens
Culture
of Athens
The Delian
League
Greek
Democracy
The
Development of Athenian Democracy
More on The
Development of Athenian Democracy
Solons Reforms
and Democracy
The Athenian
Origins of Direct Democracy
Demos: Classical Athenian
Democracy
The Buildings on
Acropolis - More on the Parthenon in the Art section above.
Athens
The Age of Pericles:
The Athenian Empire
Thucydides: Pericles'
Funeral Oration
The Second Athenian
Empire: 362-338 BC
Athenian Rowdies
The
Internet Classics Archive | The Athenian Constitution by Aristotle
Athens
in 421 BC - Project Athinai
SPARTA
Sparta
More on Sparta
Culture
of Sparta
All Empires
- Sparta
Lycurgus - The Father of
Sparta
Kings of Sparta
The Spartan Hegemony:
404-371 BC
The Theban Hegemony:
371-362 BC
LEGION XIIII. Ancient Greece
Brought to Life: Sparta
Ancient
History Sourcebook: Aristotle: Spartan Women
Education, comparison
Athens vs Sparta
WAR
MAPS:
ancient warfare index
Greek
military glossary
Greece:
Weapons/Arms/Warfare/Tactics - Ancient/Classical History
The
Ancient Greek World: Warfare - Weapons
and Armor
**** HWC, The
Persian Wars - The
Persian Wars - Greeks
versus Persians
HWC, The
Peloponnesian War - The
Pelopponesian War
The Plague in
Athens During the Peloponnesian War
THE TROJAN WAR, THE ILLIAD & THE ODYSSEY
Troy: 4000 Year
old Ancient City
Mythology
and The Trojan War
Bulfinch's Mythology,
The Trojan War - Check Bulfinch
- Index for more!
The Iliad
Odyssey Game -
Choose your character
Homer's
Odyssey resources
The Legend of the
Trojan War
The Trojan War and the Fall of Troy
The Trojan War
Myth in Ancient Art
The
Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean - Troy
VII and the Historicity of the Trojan War - Troy
VI
Royalty.nu - The Trojan
War - History, Myth and Homer - Schliemann
The UnMuseum - The Treasure of
Troy
MATH & SCIENCE
THE GREEK, INDIAN, & CHINESE
ELEMENTS
Archimedes
Home Page
Hypatia
- Great Woman Mathematician - Hypatia
Eratosthenes
of Cyrene (ca. 284-ca. 192 BC)
Greek
Astronomy
Greek Science
Medicine
Through Time - Greek Medicine
Medicine
Through Time - Asclepius (1200BC - 500AD)
Medicine
Through Time - Hippocrates
Greek
Medicine
The
Hippocratic Oath
Greek
Mathematics
History
of Mathematics: Greece
Ptolemy's
Geography
Greek
Astronomy
The
Ancient Greek World: Bronze Manufacturing
History
of Technology - Greek and Roman
Ancient Greek Science
and Technology
RELIGION & DEATH
The
Ancient Greek World: Religion - Votives
and Sacrifice
Cult Statues
Religious
Games
Ancient
Greek Religion
Greek View
of Death
Banquets
Cemeteries
- Burial - Grave
Markers
GREEK MYTHOLOGY
Family Tree of Greek
Mythology
What
is Myth?
Myths
and Legends
Bulfinch
Mythology
Bulfinch's Mythology, Origin of
Mythology
5
Ages of Man - Greek Myth on the Creation of Man
The
Ancient Greek World: Heroes
Images of
Gods and Heroes
Olympian Gods
and Goddesses
Images
of Women and Goddesses
Hercules
Mythology
and The Trojan War
Ancient
Greek and Roman Myth in Film
For extensive sites, drop by my Myth,
Legend, Folklore, Ghosts page!
DRAMA, LITERATURE, & MUSIC
Calliope,
the Greek god of Epic Poetry - Melpomene,
the Greek god of Tragedy - Thaleia,
the Greek god of Comedy
Didaskalia:
Introduction to Greek Stagecraft
Didaskalia:
Recreating The Theater of Dionysus in Athens
Greek Drama
Greek
Theater
Greek Theatre
Index
Greek
Literature - For info on Homer, check out the section above on the Trojan
War.
Theatre
and Drama in Ancient Greece
Euripides
and His Tragedies
Archaic
Greek Lyric
Ancient Greek Music and
Music Instruments
For more, please visit the section on drama at Literature
and Drama. For full classical plays, please visit my General
Ancient History page.
MAPS
The Geography of
Ancient Greece
Map of
Athenian League/Peloponnesian War, 453 B.C.E.
Map of
Major Greek Temples and Sanctuaries
Map of
Hellenistic World, Cities & Empires, 240 B.C.E.
Map of
Hellenistic World, Major & Minor States, 90 B.C.E.
MAP:
Greece and Its Colonies, 550 B.C.
MAP:
Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations c. 2000 B.C.
World Cultures Atlas:
Ancient Greece
CLICKABLE
CULTURAL MAP OF HELLAS
The Major
Cities in Ancient Greece
The Major Regions in
Ancient Greece
Map: Alexander in the East
Map: Greece
MAPS: Index of Places in
Ancient Times
MAPS:
ancient warfare index
The
ANIMATED map as history: Ancient Greece: a world in evolution
The
ANIMATED map as history: Ancient Greece: Athenian Democracy
THE OLYMPICS
The Olympic Games in
the Ancient Hellenic World
Olympian Gods
and Goddesses
Ancient
Olympics FAQ
The
Real Story of the Ancient Olympic Games
The Ancient Olympics
A Tour of Ancient
Olympia
Greek Games
Olympics
Hellenic Ministry
of Culture - Olympics
The
Athletes: Amateurs or Pros?
The
Ancient Greek World: The Ancient Olympics - Religious
Games
The
Ancient Greek World: Athletics - Horse
Racing - Track,
Field, Wrestling, and Boxing
History of Plumbing -
Ancient Locker Rooms
The
Modern Games
London
2012 Summer Olympics - London
2012
Sochi
2014 Winter Olympics - Sochi 2014
Olympic Games
- Olympic.org
More info on the Ancient (and Modern) Olympics can be found on
my History of Sports &
Entertainment page.
HERODOTUS & THUCYDIDES
Thucydides
Thucydides
and Herodotus
For full texts of their work, visit my General
Ancient History page.
PHILOSOPHY
Greek
Thought: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
Greek
Philosophy
Pre-Socratic Philosophy
Socrates
The Last Days of Socrates
Socratic Method & Scientific
Method
Aristotle
Plato
Greek Philosophy:
Plato, The Allegory of the Cave, The Divided Line
Sophism
Hellenistic
Philosophy
For more on Greek Philosophy, General
Ancient History page!
FOR MORE INFO, CHECK OUT:
General
Ancient History
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Rome
Myth, Legend,
Folklore, Ghosts
BACK TO:
HOME / TABLE
OF CONTENTS
