The Presidents

Updated June 2010
 

   

GENERAL & COMPREHENSIVE SITES
Info on all 44 Presidents
**** One of the best places to find info on Washington through Clinton can be found at: IPL POTUS -- Presidents of the United States 
  The Presidents | The White House
   The American Presidency Project 
  American Experience | The Presidents | PBS 
  American Experience - The Presidents  
   Timeline of The U.S. Presidents 
  TIMELINE: Presidential Portraits
  American Presidents: Life Portraits 
  The American Presidency: A Glorious Burden
  Mr. President 
  American Presidents Articles - FANTASTIC! Articles on everything about historical presidents and their family from election to the grave. 
  Federal Government Resources on the Web/President 
  National Portrait Gallery: Hall of Presidents 
  The Political Graveyard - find where all the presidents are buried (excluding Ford, Carter, Bush, & Clinton)
  By Popular Demand: Portraits of the Presidents and First Ladies, 1789-Present - Time Line 
  Presidential Libraries IDEA Network - PresidentS
  AmericanPresident.org
The Presidents of the United States 
  Presidents & First Ladies Articles - Suite101.com 
   Presidential Biographies 
  A Presidential Exploration - Home Page
  Genealogy of the US Presidents
Pictures and info from the Smithsonian's Travelling Exhibition: Presidents and First Ladies
    The American Presidency: A Glorious Burden
    American President in History 
  American President in Action 
  Presidents and States of the United States
Portraits of the Presidents and First Ladies Home Page
The Executive Branch: Powers of the Presidency
   Center for the Study of the Presidency (CSP) 
American Photography: Presidential Image Making
  What qualities do you want to see in a President? 
  Character Above All: An Exploration of Presidential Leadership 
  Presidential Character and Times 
  Presidental Temperament
    History Buff - Listing of "Presidents" Articles 
   The President of the United States 
    Presidents of the United States 
  President's Day lessons 
  President's Day - United in Service 
  Chart of the Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the United States 
  CHART: Presidential Elections 1789-1996 
  GRAPH: Slavery and the U.S. Presidents 
  The CHIEF EXECUTIVE CLUB from TJL1886 
  Dead Presidents 
  The President Is Dead - The 20-Year Jinx
  Tokens and Treasures: Gifts to 12 Presidents(Hoover - Clinton) 
  Through the Eyes of a Child - Artworks Done by Childrem fo the President 
  The Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century
 

PRIMARY DOCUMENTS
Documents relating to specific presidents can be found below in each president's section and at sites throughout this web page.
The Avalon Project: Inaugural Addresses
  The Avalon Project: The Papers of the Presidents 
  NARA - Presidential Libraries - Research Presidential Materials - New to Archival Research? 
  NARA - Presidential Libraries - Presidential Documents Guide 
    Whitehouse Press Releases 
  www.PresidentialRhetoric.com - Current speeches as well as Historic speeches!
  The Program in Presidential Rhetoric | Presidential Speech Archive 
   Presidential Documents & Speeches 
   Readings on Slavery from Early American Presidents 
  TP: Images of American Political History 
  AUDIO: U.S. Presidents of the Twentieth Century 
  Miller Center — Scripps Library and Multimedia Archive 
  Inside The Presidency | Presidential Conversations on the Constitution 
  By Popular Demand: Portraits of the Presidents and First Ladies, 1789-Present - Time Line

For many more primary sources, check sections below on specific presidents.

PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES
Presidential Libraries IDEA Network 
  National Archives Presidential Libraries and Museums Main Page
  NARA - Presidential Libraries - Research Presidential Materials
  Presidential Libraries

More info on individual libraries below in sections on specific presidents.

PRESIDENTIAL VETOES, DIRECTIVES, EXECUTIVE ORDERS, & PARDONS
Encyclopedia Americana: Veto  
   Veto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  Presidential Vetoes, 1789–2005
  Presidential Vetoes - Office of the Clerk
  U.S. Senate: Reference Home > Virtual Reference Desk > Vetoes
  Presidential Vetoes
  NARA | Federal Register | Executive Orders 
  NARA | Federal Register | About Executive Orders 
  NARA | Federal Register | Executive Orders Disposition Tables 
NPR Library - Presidential Directives
      Presidential Pardons - Constitutional Basis - Frequently-Asked-Questions - Administration and Regulations - Clemency Statistics 
   Executive Orders Issued by President Bush

More on Executive Orders below in sections on specific presidents.

THE CABINET DEPARTMENTS
For info, check out the section on the Executive Branch on my U.S. Government page.

CAN'T FORGET THE VICE PRESIDENT
Vice Presidents 
  Vice Presidents.com 
  US VICE Presidents 
  THE VICE PRESIDENT: MORE IMPORTANT THAN WE THINK? 
   Vice Presidents Who Became President 
  A DEAD END JOB: MADISON'S VICE PRESIDENTS 
  THE OTHER AMERICAN VICE PRESIDENT 
     Vice Presidents Trivia Quiz 
  Vice President's Ceremonial Office


PRESIDENTIAL ORDER OF SUCCESSION
If the President is incapacitated, who takes over?

Order of Presidential Succession 
  The order of presidential succession 
  Order of U.S. Presidential Succession (Reference) 
  THE PRESIDENTIAL LINE OF SUCCESSION: WHO'S NEXT? 
  Presidents Health, disability and presidential succession
 

SALARY & COMPENSATION
CHART: Presidential and Vice Presidential Since 1789 
As of January 1, 2001, presidential pay is $400,000 (plus $50,000 expense account).
Presidential Pay and Compensation and alternate URL: Presidential Pay and Compensation 
  Salaries and Retirement Benefits of U.S. Presidents and other Federal Government Employees 
Presidential Tax Returns


SYMBOLS OF THE PRESIDENCY
The Presidential Seal
World Flag Database: United States (Presidential Colours) 
  Air Force One 
  Camp David 
"The President's Own" United States Marine Band Home Page 
  State of the Union


THE SECRET SERVICE - TO PROTECT THE PRESIDENT
United States Secret Service 
  Warren Report: A Brief History of Presidential Protection


COUNTRIES THE PREZ HAS VISITED & HEADS OF STATE THAT HAVE VISITED THE PREZ
Presidents and Secretaries of State Foreign Travels 
Visits Abroad by U.S. Presidents 
  U.S. Visits by Foreign Heads of State and Government

For more on Foreign Policy, check out that section on my U.S. Government page.


PRESIDENTIAL TRIVIA AND GAMES/QUIZZES
Who was tallest, shortest, had the most children?

IPL FARQ: Presidents of the United States
  US Presidents: Lists and Records 
  U.S. Presidents Trivia Quiz - Timelines.com
    More Presidential Trivia
     Presidents Who Were Not Inaugurated. 
  NARA Inaugural Quiz 
    Medical History of the Presidents of the United States 
  PRESIDENTIAL TRIVIA: OLD QUESTIONS, NEW ANSWERS
  IF AT FIRST YOU DON'T SUCCEED...... 
  TEACHERS IN THE WHITE HOUSE
PRESIDENTS IN UNIFORM - PART II - PART III - PART IV 
  WHITE HOUSE HEROES, PART I - PART II 
  CRIMINALS IN THE WHITE HOUSE 
  PRESIDENTIAL PASTIMES, PART I - PART II - PART III 
  PRESIDENTIAL FEUDS, PART I - PART II - PART III - PART IV - PART V 
  CIVIL WAR VETS IN THE WHITE HOUSE, PART I - PART II - PART III 
  LIFE AFTER THE WHITE HOUSE, PART I - PART II - PART III - PART IV - PART V - PART VI 
    ROBERT TODD LINCOLN: RELUCTANT WITNESS TO HISTORY 
  Life in the White House Quiz
  Presidential Quizzes
   Presidential Valentines Quiz - Vice Presidents Trivia Quiz - U.S. Vice Presidents Trivia QuizU.S. Vice-Presidents Quizzes and Trivia - Presidents and Their Dogs - Nicknames of US Presidents - Flashcards/US Presidents - Hangman/United States Presidents
  LIFE AFTER THE WHITE HOUSE 
  Project Vote Smart - Political Resources - Political Trivia


THE FIRST LADIES
The First Ladies
National First Ladies' Library Home Page
  By Popular Demand: Portraits of the Presidents and First Ladies, 1789-Present 
  First Lady of the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 
    SUBSTITUTE FIRST LADY: HARRIET LANE 
  First Lady Laura Bush: Inside the East Wing

For more info, check out the sections below on each president.

THE FIRST FAMILY (including the First Pets)
Kids in the White House 
  WHHA - Learning Center - First Kids and pets 
  Children of the Presidents of the United States
  PRESIDENTIAL CHILDREN: THE ADAMS FAMILY CHILDREN - THE MONROE DAUGHTERS - TIPPECANOE'S TEN - TYLER'S 15, STILL A RECORD - THE LINCOLN BOYS (Also, check out ROBERT TODD LINCOLN: RELUCTANT WITNESS TO HISTORY) - THE HAYES KIDS - TEDDY'S "WHITE HOUSE GANG" - THE TAFTS OF OHIO - THE CLEVELAND KIDS - THE COOLIDGE BOYS 
  CHILDREN'S DEATH IN THE WHITE HOUSE 
  Welcome to the Presidential Pets Museum 
  White House Pets
  First Dogs: the Presidents' best friends 
  FIRST PETS, PART I and PART II 
  Presidential pets through history 
President Bush's pets: Spot "Spotty" Fetcher, Barney and Miss Beazley, India, and Ofelia, the Crawford Ranch Longhorn  
  Bushy Barney: Home of Barney Bush, the White House Scottish Terrier 
Vice President Cheney's pets: Jackson and Dave 
  Quiz: Presidents and Their Dogs


THE WHITE HOUSE
Welcome To The White House 
  White House Facts 
  Life in the White House 
   Online Historical Tour of the White House 
  Art in the White House 
   White House Kids Home Page  
  The Eisenhower Executive Office Building 
  Inside the White House @ nationalgeographic.com 
   The White House Historical Association
   The White House Historical Association > White House Historic Tours
  The White House Historical Association > Timelines
  The White House Historical Association > White House FAQs, Facts & Trivia 
  White House Dimensions and Statistics 
  White House Amenities and Living Conditions 
  White House Christmas Trees - All Things Bright and Beautiful 
  The White House Easter Egg Roll 
  The White House at War > 1941 - 1945 
   Visiting the White House 
  LIFE AFTER THE WHITE HOUSE 
And, for a little vacation - Camp David
 
The 1901 Plan for Washington D.C. and Pierre L'Enfant: Pennsylvania Avenue's Birth and Early Growth - More info on the history of Washington, D.C. can be found on my U.S. Government page.

THE PRESIDENTS AND WHITE HOUSE FOR KIDS
White House Kids Home Page   
   President Bush's Kids Connection 
  Teacher's and Parent's guide for www.whitehousekids.gov 
  The White House Historical Association > Classroom 
    Through the Eyes of a Child - Artworks Done by Childrem fo the President

Info on pets, etc. above in the section on First Families. For trivia and quizzes, check out that section above.

SCANDAL!!!
Time & Again - Presidential Scandals 
  Presidential Scandals 
  Teapot Dome scandal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  U.S. Senate Historical Minutes: "Teapot Dome" Scandal 
  Walsh Iran / Contra Report - The Contras, Cocaine, and Covert Operations

More info below in sections on specific presidents.

IMPEACHMENT
The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
The Impeachment Trial of Andrew Johnson
  An impeachment trial primer: what you need to know

For more info, check out the sections on Presidents Nixon & Clinton below.

WHERE ARE THE PRESIDENTS BURIED?
**** How they died. Where they died. Where they are buried.  The Political Graveyard is an unbelievably informative site!!! (The Political Graveyard: President and Vice President)
**** Ok, there is this weird guy who likes to have his picture taken standing next to the burial sites of all the Dead Presidents. But, with each picture, comes loads informative links on all our now deceased Commanders in Chief. Pretty darn good site.


CAMPAIGNS, ELECTIONS, THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE, & INAUGURATIONS
ELECTORAL COLLEGE

NARA | Federal Register | U. S. Electoral College - includes results and info from 1789-2004!
  NARA | Federal Register | U. S. Electoral College - FAQ 
  NARA | How the Electors Vote 
  NARA | Electoral College Calculator 
  C-SPAN.ORG - Electoral College Results....2000 and 2004! 
   The Electoral College 
    How the Electoral College Elects the President 
  Why Keep the Electoral College? 
  THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE: HOW IT WORKS 
  THE CASE FOR THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE 
  FAITHLESS ELECTORS


ELECTIONS
Project Vote Smart - American Government, Elections, Candidates and Voting
  Every Four Years Exhibit -- Truman Presidential Museum 
  C-SPAN: ROAD TO THE WHITE HOUSE 
  NARA | Federal Register | U.S. Electoral College 
  NARA | U.S. Election & Voting Resources 
  Presidential Campaign and Candidates  
MAPS: US Presidential Election
NewsHour Extra Lesson Plan: The Presidential Nominating System
C-SPAN.ORG - Campaigns & Elections 
   U.S. Elections 
  NARA | Federal Register | Historical Election Results 
  C-SPAN.ORG - ELECTIONS 1800-2000 
    C-SPAN.ORG - HISTORIC ADS & SPEECHES - 1840-1992 
  C-SPAN.ORG - CAMPAIGN LINGO - Definitions 
   ElectionsCentral - A History of Presidential Elections 
  CHART: Presidential Elections 1789-2004
  PresidentialElections, 1789–2004 
  Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections 
   Campaign Histories: 1840-1860 
  HarpWeek | Elections Homepage - 1860-1912 
  CNN.com Election 2004 - CNN/AllPolitics.com - Election 2000 Archive 
  Web White & Blue: Online 2000 Presidential Debate Archive 
  Geostat Center: Collections: 2000 Presidential Election Resources 
  TICKET BALANCING 
  RE-ELECTED RUNNING-MATES 
  HOME STATE LOSERS 
  Commission on Presidential Debates 
    Commission on Presidential Debates: Debate History
  frontline: so you want to buy a president? 
  Newseum: Every Four Years 
  Geostat Center: Collections: Election Information, Data and Maps
  Geostat Center: US Presidential Election Maps: 1860-1996  
  C-SPAN Classroom - C-SPAN Classroom - Political Participation
 

A FEW INTERESTING & FUNKY CAMPAIGNS/ELECTIONS
  THE FREE SOIL CAMPAIGN OF 1848 
  THE STOLEN ELECTION OF 1876 
  RUM, ROMANISM, AND REBELLION: THE ELECTION OF 1884 
  THE BULL MOOSE CAMPAIGN OF 1912 
  ELECTION SURPRISES: WOODROW WILSON'S RE-ELECTION 
  AL SMITH: THE HAPPY WARRIOR 
  ELECTION SURPRISES: FDR's 1936 RE-ELECTION
More info under specific presidents below. 

ELECTION 2008
The 2008 U.S. Presidential Election Race
  2008 Presidential Campaign
  United States presidential election, 2008 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  Election 2008 Countdown
  P2008-The 2008 Presidential Campaign
  Politics1 - 2008 U.S. Presidential Election (P2008)

For much more on political parties, campaigns, & elections, check out the Election section on my U.S. Government page.

CAMPAIGN ADVERTISING & COMMERCIALS
The Living Room Candidate (1952-2008)
  The :30 Second Candidate: Political Advertising/Commercials 
   America Votes: Presidential Campaign Memorabilia from Duke Special Collections 
Political Memorabilia 
Campaign Memorabilia 
  American Photography: Presidential Image Making 
  Every Four Years Exhibit -- Truman Presidential Museum 
  Presidential Campaign and Candidates - some great images of bumper stickers, etc. from 1960-present. 
  The Presidential Campaign: 1896 - Cartoons and Commentary 
   POLITICAL CARTOONS: The American Political Campaigns of 1880 and 1884 - Much more on political cartoons can be found in the section on News & Politics on my U.S. Government page.


INAUGURATION DAY
Online News Hour: Inauguration Day - History, Lesson Plans, Speeches, Inaugural Poems of Maya Angelou and Roberts - tons of great stuff!
  Online NewsHour | Inauguration 2005 | PBS 
  "I Do Solemnly Swear...": Presidential Inaugurations 
  A Brief History of Presidential Inaugurations
   Presidential Inaugurations: Some Precedents and Notable Events 
  PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS: DEVIATIONS FROM TRADITION, PART I - PART II 
  Library of Congress: Inaugurations 
   The Avalon Project: Inaugural Addresses 
  Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States 
  Pathways to the Presidency: Election and Inauguration Items from Special Collection
    NARA Inaugural Quiz


WOMEN FOR PRESIDENT & VICE PRESIDENT!
Victoria C. Woodhull: THE FIRST WOMAN TO RUN FOR PRESIDENT - in 1872!
     Victoria Woodhull, the Spirit to Run the White House 
   Geraldine Ferraro - Democratic Vice Presidential Nominee(with Walter Mondale) in 1984!

President #1 GEORGE WASHINGTON
The Avalon Project: George Washington Papers
  George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress 
  TIMELINE: George Washington 1731-1799 
  George Washington 
  George Washington Foreign Affairs 
  The History Place - George Washington Picture Gallery 
   The Papers of George Washington
    Historic Mount Vernon - The Home of Our First President, George Washington 
     The Growth of Mount Vernon, 1754-1786 
  George Washington's Rules of Civility
  GEORGE WASHINGTON, BRITISH OFFICER 
  Apotheosis of George Washington 
  The Death of George Washington 
   George Washington - The 9th President of the United States? was NOT the first president!!
Who was John Hanson, First President?
Much more on GW on my From Colonies to Revolution page.


#2 JOHN ADAMS
The Avalon Project : John Adams Papers 
  JOHN ADAMS: OBNOXIOUS AND DISLIKED - Suite101.com 
  THE ADAMS FAMILY 
  PRESIDENTIAL CHILDREN: THE ADAMS FAMILY CHILDREN 
More info on Adams on my From Colonies to Revolution & U.S. Government (section on the Constitution) pages.


#3 THOMAS JEFFERSON
The Avalon Project : Thomas Jefferson Papers
  OUTLINE: Jeffersonian Era 
TIMELINE: Jefferson
Great info at Interpreting Thomas Jefferson
A Day in the Life of Thomas Jefferson 
Brief Biography of Thomas Jefferson 
Stop by Monticello, Home of Thomas Jefferson for a visit!
Thomas Jefferson Online 
  Writings of Thomas Jefferson
  Jefferson's First Inaugural
  Jefferson's America, 1800-1840
  Thomas Jefferson Online Resources at the University of Virginia
Life of Thomas Jefferson
Account of a Declaration: Introduction from Thomas Jefferson's autobiography.
"A Little Rebellion Now And Then Is A Good Thing" - Thomas Jefferson
  The Natural Aristocracy, Jefferson letter to Adams, Oct. 1813 
Jefferson on Architecture
  Thomas Jefferson on Politics & Government
Hamilton vs. Jefferson 
Jefferson's Search for the Model Citizen!
USA: Jefferson on Slavery
Jefferson on Politics & Government: Moral Degeneracy
    THOMAS JEFFERSON AND THE PATENT ACT OF 1793
Thomas Jefferson, Federalist. Peter S. Onuf
Jefferson's Legacy: A Brief History of the Library of Congress
Jefferson to Jackson 
For more, visit my From Colonies to Revolution and 19th Century America pages.


#4 JAMES MADISON
The Avalon Project : James Madison Papers
   MADISON AS PRESIDENT  
  The WAR of 1812: The "Forgotten War"
  James Madison's War Message to Congress, 1812  
"From Interposition to Nullification": James Madison 
  Memories of Montpelier: Home of James and Dolley Madison 
  DOLLEY MADISON: AN AMERICAN ORIGINAL 
  A DEAD END JOB: MADISON'S VICE PRESIDENTS


#5 JAMES MONROE
The Avalon Project : James Monroe Papers 
   THE JAMES MONROE ADMINISTRATION: Last of the "Virginia Dynasty"  
  JAMES MONROE : THE LAST REVOLUTIONARY PRESIDENT, PART I - PART II 
  THE MONROE DAUGHTERS 
More info on Monroe is available on my 19th Century America page.


#6 JOHN QUINCY ADAMS
John Quincy Adams 
  The Amistad Case - The Arguments of John Quincy Adams before the Supreme Court 
   The Education of John Quincy Adams - written by Adams comparing his childhood with other children of the time.
  PRESIDENTIAL CHILDREN: THE ADAMS FAMILY CHILDREN


#7 ANDREW JACKSON
The Avalon Project : The Papers of Andrew Jackson 
   OUTLINE: Jacksonian Era 
Andrew Jackson
  TIMELINE: Jackson Era
  A biography of Andrew Jackson 1767 - 1845  
   "Tales of the Early Republic" 
  The Age of Jacksonian Democracy 
Readings in Jacksonian America
Jacksonian Miscellanies
  Battle of the Bank: Jackson is censured by Congress
  THE PRESIDENT'S LADY: RACHEL DONELSON ROBARDS JACKSON, PART I - PART II 
  ANDREW JACKSON AND THE EATON AFFAIR: A NATIONAL SOAP OPERA 
For more, check out the section on the Jacksonian Era on my 19th Century America page.


WHO????
Did you know? In 1849, David Atchison became President of the United States for just one day, and he spent most of the day sleeping.
David Rice Atchison was President of the U.S. for just ONE DAY!


#8 MARTIN VAN BUREN
 
Martin Van Buren 
  More Martin Van Buren 
  THE PRESIDENT'S LADY: HANNAH HOES VAN BUREN
 

#9 WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON
 
William Henry Harrison 
  Battle of Tippecanoe 
  TIPPECANOE'S TEN (Children)
 

#10 JOHN TYLER
 
John Tyler 
  Tippecanoe and Tyler, too !! 
  TYLER'S 15 CHILDREN, STILL A RECORD
 

#12 ZACHARY TAYLOR
 
Zachary Taylor 
  THE FREE SOIL CAMPAIGN OF 1848
 

#15 JAMES BUCHANAN - The Bachelor President
 
James Buchanan 
  More on James Buchanan 
  SUBSTITUTE FIRST LADY: HARRIET LANE 
  James Buchanan's Obituary
 

#16 ABRAHAM LINCOLN
TIMELINE: Abraham Lincoln
  The Official Web site of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum
Abraham Lincoln Research Site
  Abraham Lincoln Online -- Your Source for Lincoln News 
A. Lincoln Presidential Library
Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project
  The Papers of Abraham Lincoln 
  Abraham Lincoln's Pre-Presidential Political Links 
  Abraham Lincoln's Classroom 
  Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: The progress of Abraham Lincoln's opposition to slavery 
   Lincoln - Douglas Debates of 1858 
   The Impending Crisis: The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 
  LINCOLN'S HOUSE DIVIDED SPEECH, June 1858
ABRAHAM LINCOLN: Against the Extension of Slavery 
  Lincoln Fragment on Slavery 
  The Presidential Election of 1960
    The Election of 1860 
Lincoln Wins the Republican Nomination in 1860
   Lincoln's Appeal to Border State Representatives on Compensated Emancipation, 1862   
   American Experience | The Time of the Lincolns
    Lincoln the Realist
   Mr. Lincoln's White House 
   Mary Todd Lincoln Research Site 
Mary Todd Lincoln's Wedding Day
  THE LINCOLN BOYS - ROBERT TODD LINCOLN: RELUCTANT WITNESS TO HISTORY 
  THE WIT AND WISDOM OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN - PART II 
The Emancipation Proclamation, 1862 
  NARA | Exhibit Hall | Emancipation Proclamation 
  Abraham Lincoln's White House - Cabinet & Vice Presidents 
  ELECTION SURPRISES: LINCOLN'S 1864 RE-ELECTION VICTORY 
Lincoln: Alexander Gardner's "Cracked" Photo, 1865 
The Avalon Project: Gettysburg Address, 1863 
The Gettysburg Address (Library of Congress) 
   Lincoln 2nd Inaugural Address: "With malice toward none," March 4, 1865
Mr. Lincoln's Last Day
Ford's Theatre NHS Home Page
  Abraham Lincoln Assassination 
Exhibit: Lincoln Assassination Report
Surratt House Museum/John Wilkes Booth
John Wilkes Booth
  The Death of John Wilkes Booth, 1865
  The Trial of the Lincoln Assassination Conspirators 
   Lincoln Assassination Conspiracy Trials
Lincoln Memorial Homepage
John F. Kennedy/Abraham Lincoln coincidences
MATHEW BRADY PORTRAITS 
  The Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana - (American Memory from the Library of Congress)
Sheet Music about Lincoln, Emancipation, and the Civil War
Abraham Lincoln Word Search 
For more info, please visit my Civil War page.


#1
7 ANDREW JOHNSON
IPL POTUS -- Andrew Johnson 
The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
The Impeachment Trial of Andrew Johnson 
  Andrew Johnson National Historic Site (National Park Service)
 

#18 ULYSSES S. GRANT
American Experience | Ulysses S. Grant 
Ulysses S. Grant Association
  Ulysses S. Grant Network
  LESSONS LEARNED: U.S. GRANT 
  JULIA DENT GRANT: "FAIR, FAT, AND FORTY" - PART II 
For more info, please visit my Civil War page.


#19 RUTHERFORD B. HAYES
 
Rutherford Birchard Hayes 
  THE STOLEN ELECTION OF 1876 
  LEMONADE LUCY - THE HAYES KIDS


#20 JAMES GARFIELD
Little known facts about James Garfield's assassination.
  The Death Of President Garfield, 1881
  Death in the White House
    Warren Report: Appendix VII
   Who Shot Garfield? - Garfield's Lengthy Demise - Guiteau Head in That Noose
 

#21 CHESTER ARTHUR
 
Chester Alan Arthur
  THE PRESIDENT'S LADY: HELLEN HERNDON ARTHUR
 

#24 GROVER CLEVELAND
 
Grover Cleveland 
  RUM, ROMANISM, AND REBELLION: THE ELECTION OF 1884
  THE CLEVELAND KIDS
 

#25 WILLIAM MCKINLEY
William McKinley
   1896 Presidential election: Cartoons & Commentary 
  1896: The Republican Platform - The Winners & 1896: The Silver Democratic Platform
  President McKinley and the Pan-Am Exposition, 1901 
  The McKinley Assassination - The Assassination of William McKinley
  McKinley Assassination Ink: A Documentary History of William McKinley's Assassination
 

#26 TEDDY ROOSEVELT
"No President has ever enjoyed himself as much I !"
    Theodore Roosevelt Association on TR, President and more.
The American Experience/Theodore Roosevelt
Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt - 26th President of the U.S. 
  Theodore Roosevelt Papers at the Library of Congress 
Roosevelt, Theodore. 1899. The Rough Riders.
Theodore Roosevelt his Ethic and The Battle of San Juan Hill - more on TR and the Spanish American War on my 19th Century America page. 
  USA: Theodore Roosevelt's Broad Powers 
     POLITICAL CARTOONS: Theodore Roosevelt and the Image of Empire 
  Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt - Political Cartoons
  Theodore Roosevelt on Film - (American Memory from the Library of Congress)
  The Roosevelts Move Into the White House, 1901
  TR: Lion in the White House
  Theodore Roosevelt
   TR & the Panama Canal and The American Experience/TR's Legacy/Panama - more on my 20th Century America page. 
The Age of Imperialism - more on my 19th Century America and 20th Century America pages. 
  Roosevelts's Reforms 
  Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement 
  On Safari With Theodore Roosevelt, 1909
  Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural Site: Birthplace of the Modern Presidency 
   TEDDY ROOSEVELT: MORE FUN THAN A GOAT - PART II 
  EDITH ROOSEVELT: MODERN FIRST LADY - TEDDY'S "WHITE HOUSE GANG"
    Teddy Roosevelt & the "Teddy" Bear
Mount Rushmore NM Home Page
  THE BULL MOOSE CAMPAIGN OF 1912
  HIRAM JOHNSON: THE BULL MOOSE RUNNING MATE 
   The Election of 1912: Competing Visions for America - Woodrow Wilson won.
More on TR on my 19th Century America and 20th Century America pages.
 

#27 HOWARD TAFT
 
William Howard Taft
   WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT: PRESIDENT AND CHIEF JUSTICE 
  THE TAFTS OF OHIO


#28 WOODROW WILSON
PBS - American Experience: Woodrow Wilson 
  Wilson: Idealist and Realist 
  1912:  Competing Visions for America 
     Avalon Project - The Versailles Treaty June 28, 1919
  Treaty of Versailles, 1919
  First World War.com - Primary Documents - Treaty of Versailles, 28 June 1919
  The Peace Treaty of Versailles
   The Senate and the League of Nations - League of Nations
   President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points
     ELECTION SURPRISES: WOODROW WILSON'S RE-ELECTION 
  EDITH WILSON, OUR FIRST WOMAN PRESIDENT? 
  FORGOTTEN FIRST LADY: THE OTHER MRS. WILSON 
For more, please visit my World War I page.


#29 WARREN G. HARDING
Presidential Election of 1920 
  Warren Gamaliel Harding 
  U.S. Senate Historical Minutes: "Teapot Dome" Scandal 
  THE MYSTERIOUS DEATH OF WARREN HARDING
 

#30 CALVIN COOLIDGE
Prosperity and Thrift: The Coolidge Era and the Consumer Economy, 1921-1929
  "SILENT CAL" COOLIDGE 
  THE COOLIDGE BOYS


#31 HERBERT HOOVER
IPL POTUS -- Herbert Clark Hoover 
  Herbert Hoover Presidential Library-Museum, West Branch, Iowa 
  The Hoover Museum Exhibit Galleries 
  Hoover Research Collection - Historical Materials 
  “The Gigantic Forces of Depression Are Today in Retreat”: Hoover Insists 
  Oh Yeah?: Herbert Hoover Predicts Prosperity 
  LOU HENRY HOOVER: UNSUNG HEROINE - PART II
  
More on Hoover in the section Turbulent Thirties on my 20th Century America page.


#32 FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT - My favorite prez!
The Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and Museum 
  Franklin D. Roosevelt Library & Museum: Online Photos - Digitized Photographs - Sound, Film, and Still - Digitized Historical Documents
   Pare Lorentz Film Library - Home - Pare Lorentz - Day By Day
   Biography of Franklin - Biography of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt 
  Roosevelt Facts and Figures
  Periodic Table of the New Deal
  FResources for Research
  Franklin Timeline - Eleanor Roosevelt Timeline
  Roosevelt Family Genealogy
     FDR Cartoon Collection Database 
   New Deal Document Library: Chronological Index
     Springwood: Birthplace and Home to Franklin D. Roosevelt 
     PRIMARY SOURCES: FDR's First Inaugural Address (March 4, 1933)1937 - 1941 - 1945
  ELECTION SURPRISES: FDR's 1936 RE-ELECTION
  CACTUS JACK GARNER: "NOT WORTH A BUCKET OF WARM....." 
  PRIMARY SOURCE: Franklin D. Roosevelt's Fireside Chats 
   Franklin D. Roosevelt - Fireside Chats
     New Deal Document Library: Fireside Chats
  Speeches by Franklin D. Roosevelt: Quarantine the Aggressor - The Arsenal of Democracy - Four Freedoms—January 6, 1941 - War Message—December 8, 1941
FDR SPEAKS
  Franklin D. Roosevelt: Executive Order 9066
  Character Above All: Franklin D. Roosevelt Essay 
  The New Deal and World War
Roosevelt and the New Deal 
  New Deal Network Photo Gallery - New Deal/WPA Art Project
  The First Hundred Days of FDR 
The Second New Deal
CHART: New Deal Programs
Hugo Black and the KKK - accused Court Packing
  Einstein's letter to Roosevelt, August 2, 1939
  TIME MAGAZINE's 1933 Man of the Year: Franklin D. Roosevelt (as well as 1935 and 1942) , from TIME Magazine - Persons of the Year
  TIME Magazine: Franklin D. Roosevelt Archive Collection 
  Franklin D. Roosevelt - American Heritage Center, Inc.
U.S. Foreign Policy Development under FDR 
   The Casablanca Conference 
America, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Holocaust
The American Experience | Eleanor Roosevelt 
  The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project 
  My Day by Eleanor Roosevelt
  Eleanor Roosevelt ValKill Home 
  Columnists on Parade: Eleanor Roosevelt 
  Eleanor's Tour of the South Pacific During WWII 
  Biography of Fala - "Fala" F.D.R.'s dog 
  FDR: The 'Fala' Speech
   Online NewsHour: FDR Memorial Opening- May 1, 1997 
   Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial Home Page
    Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial (National Park Service)
 
  For more info on FDR, the Depression, and the New Deal, visit the section on the Turbulent Thirties on my 20th Century America page. For FDR's role in World War II, visit my World War II page.


#33 HARRY TRUMAN
Harry S. Truman Library & Museum  
  Truman Library - Project Whistlestop Online Education 
  Truman Chronologies 
  Biographies of Harry, Bess, and Margaret 
  Truman Library -- Harry S. Truman Papers 
  Truman Photographs and Audio Files 
  Audio Visual Collection - Harry S. Truman Presidential Museum & Library 
  Truman Library & Museum Cartoons & Teaching Activities 
  Truman: The Buck Stops Here 
  Truman Library - Truman Places Online 
  Truman Library: News and Special Features 
  Truman Trivia - Harry S. Truman Presidential Museum & Library 
  World War II -- Truman Library 
  Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb Folders 
ATOMIC BOMB: DECISION (Hiroshima-Nagasaki)
  Atomic Bomb: Decision -- Truman Diary, July 25, 1945 
1945 Man of the Year: Harry S. Truman
    ELECTION SURPRISES: TRUMAN'S 1948 VICTORY 
  1948 Campaign 
  1948: Year of Turmoil and Triumph 
  Truman and the United Nations Folders 
  NATO 
  The Recognition of the State of Israel 
    50th Anniversary of the creation of the State of Israel, 1948-1998 
  Truman Library - Executive Order 9981 and The Truman Administration and the Desegregation of the Armed Forces 
    Project WhistleStop/Truman Presidential Library Digital Archives: The Korean War 
  Truman Library Wake Island - Truman's and General MacArthur 
CNN Cold War - Historical Document: Truman dismisses MacArthur 
  Truman and Containment
  The Truman Doctrine 
  NARA - Educators and Students - US Enters the Korean Conflict 
The United States Enters the Korean Conflict: Statement by President Truman
    The Avalon Project: Truman Doctrine 
  Dear Bess: Love Letters From the President
  Truman - From New Deal to Fair Deal: New Deal or Same Shuffle?
    More can be found on Truman at my World War II and Cold War pages.


#34 DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
Dwight David Eisenhower 
  Character Above All: Dwight D. Eisenhower Essay 
  The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library Website
  Eisenhower and Kennedy
For more on General Eisenhower, please visit my World War II page.

#35 JOHN F. KENNEDY
I was in Downtown Dallas that awful day in November 1963 on a school field trip to see the President. Although I was only a child, it is forever etched in my mind.
JFK Resources Online
  John F. Kennedy Library Home Page - Historical Resources 
  National Geographic: PT-109--John F. Kennedy in World War II 
JFK Executive Orders Introduction
  American Experience | The Kennedys | PBS 
    The Kennedy Family
  Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis 
  The History Place - JFK Photo History 
  1960 Debate 
  History House: Stories: The CIA tries to kill Fidel Castro
  Kennedy and Castro: The Secret Quest for Accommodation
The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
Kennedy and the New Frontier
   The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza  
Warren Report: Table of Contents
  The President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection (National Archives)
  AARC Public Library - JFK Assassination Reports and Records 
    Jack Ruby
The Kennedy Assassination Home Page
Best of Kennedy Assassination Web Sites
  Kennedy Assassination > Theories in the Yahoo! Directory 
  John Fitzgerald Kennedy, President of the United States 
John F. Kennedy/Abraham Lincoln coincidences 
My parents were anxious about Kennedy's visit to Dallas because of the diatribes of the following Ultra-Right Wing Organization: The John Birch Society.


#36 LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON
President Lyndon Baines Johnson Library & Museum 
  Frequently Asked Questions About Lyndon B. Johnson 
  Intoduction to LBJ Timeline pages: 1908-1973 
  TIMELINE: LBJ's Life
   Lyndon B. Johnson’s Attempt to Save Jews  from the German Nazi Holocaust 
  LBJ in the Oval Office 
  LBJ Digital Photo Archive  
  The Almost Great Society: The 1960s 
Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society 
  LBJ For Kids 
  LBJ Library and Museum - Civil Rights 
   Civil Rights in an Uncivil Society
LBJ's Remarks at the University of Michigan
  LBJ'S PRESIDENTIAL DAILY DIARY  
  April 12, 2002 Release of President Johnson's Telephone Conversations  
  Lady Bird Johnson Biography 
  Images of Lady Bird Johnson: Introduction Page 
For more on LBJ's Presidency, drop by my Vietnam page.


#37 RICHARD M. NIXON
The Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace Foundation
  American Experience | The Presidents | Richard M. Nixon | PBS 
  Richard Nixon's Checkers Speech [September 23, 1952]
  1960 Debate 
  The Twilight of Liberalism: The Nixon Years 
  America Sinking through a Watergate 
Nixon's Accomplishments and Defeats 
  This Day in Diplomacy: SALT I
STRATEGIC ARMS LIMITATION TALKS (SALT I)
SALT II TREATY
START Treaties
Bureau of Verification and Compliance
The American Experience | Nixon's China Game  
  Exhibit: Apollo 11 and Nixon 
Chomsky: The Pentagon Papers and US Imperialism in South East Asia
  The Pentagon Papers Case   
Record of Historic Richard Nixon-Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972
Top Secret Kissinger Transcripts
  When Nixon Met Elvis 
   NARA | Nixon Presidential Materials | Nixon Presidential Materials Main 
  NARA | Nixon Presidential Materials | White House Tapes 
  Nixon White House Tapes 
  TIMELINE: Chronology of the Watergate Crisis   
Time & Again - Watergate Timeline 
      Watergate - The Scandal That Destroyed President Richard Nixon 
  Watergate and the CIA  
  TIME Magazine: Watergate Archive Collection 
   Resignation of President Richard Nixon
  Henry Kissinger and the Détente


#38 GERALD FORD
IPL POTUS -- Gerald Rudolph Ford 
  Gerald R. Ford Library and Museum 
  IPL POTUS -- Gerald R. Ford Image Gallery 
  Gerald Ford as president 
The Ford Interlude


#39 JIMMY CARTER
Jimmy Carter Library and Museum 
  American Experience | Jimmy Carter 
The Carter Years
Jimmy Carter - High Points and Low Points
  The Camp David Accords 
  The Hostage Crisis in Iran 
  Excerpts from an Iran Hostage's Diary 
  THE IRANIAN: History; hostage crisis
  Jimmy Carter Museum Kids Page! 
  Jimmy Carter and Habitat for Humanity 
   He wasn't the most successful President, but ohhh, the wonderful work he has done since leaving office: Habitat for Humanity International


#40 RONALD REAGAN
The American Experience | Reagan  
  American Experience | The Presidents | Ronald Reagan | PBS 
  Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library - Welcome 
  Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
   Documents Relating to the Reagan Administration 
    The Reagan Revolution 1980-88 - Reagan 1984-86
   Conservatism and the rise of Ronald Reagan
Attempted Assassination of President Reagan
  The Iran-Contra Affair: The Making of a Scandal, 1983-1988
  Walsh Iran / Contra Report
    The Contras, Cocaine, and Covert Operations 
  The Iran-Contra Affair, 1983-1988 
  START Treaties 
  Reagan Library Lobby
   President Reagan Courageously Announces His Illness 
   Ronald Reagan Memorial Foundation


#41 GEORGE BUSH
The Presidency of George Bush
  George Bush Presidential Library and Museum 
The second president (the other being John Adams) to see his own son become president.
For info on Desert Storm, please visit my Cold War - Korea - Vietnam - Desert Storm - Enduring Freedom page.


#42 WILLIAM J. CLINTON
The 1992 Presidential Election 
  Voter Registration and Turnout - 1996 
  Documents Relating to the Foreign Policy of the Clinton Administration 
  The Clinton Presidency and the Crisis of Democracy - by Howard Zinn  
Clinton-Gore Internet Archives 
  Clinton Presidency 1993-2000 
    NARA | Federal Register | Executive Orders - Clinton 
  NARA | Federal Register | Executive Orders: William Clinton Subjects 
frontline: once upon a time in arkansas: Whitewater Scandal 
The "Unofficial" Bill Clinton (right wing site)
The Impeachment Trial Primer: What You Need to Know - from CNN
  House managers for Clinton's impeachment trial
       frontline: secrets of an independent counsel
THOMAS -- Independent Counsel's Report
Looks like he dodged the bullet!!!
AND ... his wife became ...  Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton: Online Office - the first time a First Lady has been elected to office in her own right!
 



#43 GEORGE W. BUSH
George W. Bush and Laura Welch Bush 
  Richard B. Cheney and Lynne V. Cheney 
  IPL POTUS -- George Walker Bush 
  Documents Relating to the George W. Bush Adminstration 
  Executive Orders Issued by President Bush 
  Online NewsHour: Inauguration 2001 
  TIME Magazine: 9/11: The First Year Archive Collection 
  Bushy Barney: Home of Barney Bush, the White House Scottish Terrier (more info on Barney, as well as Ms. Beazley, Spot and India the cat above in the section "First Families.")

 

  

 #44 BARACK HUSSEIN OBAMA
 
Barack Obama | The White House
  Barack Hussein Obama
For more info on current events involving President Obama, please visit my U.S. Government page.

FOR MORE INFO ON THE PRESIDENTS (as well as other info), CHECK OUT:
General U.S.A. History
50 States
TEXAS
From Colonies to Revolution
19th Century America
20th Century America
U.S. Government
 

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