The Last of the Romanovs:
L to R: Olga, Marie, Nicholas II, Alexandra, Anastasia, Alexei, Tatiana

RUSSIA & THE FORMER U.S.S.R.


Updated April 2009

Did you know? People in Siberia often buy milk frozen on a stick.

GENERAL & COMPREHENSIVE SITES

Welcome to Slavic Research Center  
  Russia History - From the Beginning to Putin 
**** Soviet Union - A Country Study
Internet Resource for Russian Studies 
Russia: from revolution to counter-revolution 
Bucknell Russian Studies Department
  Russian History 
Stalin's Russia - History of Modern Russia
  Face of Russia 
Russophilia! - History & Social Sciences
  H-RUSSIA WWW SITE
Russian Studies on the Net
Russia on the Web 
Museum of History of Moscow
   Heraldry Page by M.N.Razumkin
  RUSSIA LINKS PAGE 
  Revelations from the Russian Archives 
  Russia: An Amazing Place
  THE SOVIET UNION AND THE UNITED STATES
   Russian Cities - Special Collection - America Online site.
Exploring Russia / Moscow 
  Background Notes: Russia - Find out about U.S. Russian foreign and economic relations!
Greek to Cyrillic
Russian Calendar History
   Russian Study Materials 
  Russian Rulers 
  History of Modern Russia

For more on Russia, check out my Country Information page!


TIMELINE OF RUSSIAN HISTORY
History of Russia: important dates
TIMELINE: Historical Mongol Empire
Kievan and Appanage Periods: 860 - 1698
THE IMPERIAL PERIOD, 1698 -1917
THE SOVIET PERIOD, 1917-1991
THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD, 1991— Present
Related Chronologies in Russian History


RUSSIAN SYMBOLS, MAPS, IMAGES
Soviet National Anthem in English
MAP: Commonwealth of Independent States
MAPS: Russia & the Former Soviet Republics
MAPS: Russian Empire
HISTORICAL MAPS: Russia & the Former Soviet Republics
MAP: Soviet Union Population Density
Illustrated history of Russia and the Former USSR
Illustrated History of St. Petersburg, Russia
NICHOLAS and ALEXANDRA - A Map of the St. Petersburg Area
NICHOLAS and ALEXANDRA - A Map of the Russian Federation in 1998
The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia -- Powered by IBM
Pictures from Leningrad
Stalingrad: The memorial complex on Mamayev Hill. Motherland.
Portraits of Soviet and Russian Political Leaders


RUSSIAN AR
T & MUSIC
Russian Art
More Russian Art
The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia -- Powered by IBM
Nazi & Soviet Art
Ikons Windows into Heaven
The Faberge Experience: Art & History
Start of Russian Treasure in San Francisco
Russian Folkart, history, culture, Folk Tales Joe Adamov and beadwork
Russian Music
Russian Folk Songs
Cossack Songs
Little Russia. Children Music and Fairy Tales.
For more, visit my Art & Galleries and Music pages.

RUSSIAN LITERATURE
Russian Literature
Russian Folktales
Little Russia. Children Music and Fairy Tales.
19th Century Russian Literature Homepage
Russian and NIS Literature
Anton Chekhov: The Definitive Site
BORIS LEONIDOVICH PASTERNAK
The Pushkin Page 
  Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Russian Folklore--Links
For more, visit my Literature and Drama and Specific Authors pages.

THE BALLET
The Bolshoi Ballet
The Kirov Ballet of St. Petersburg, Russia


PALACES, FORTRESSES, & CHURCHES
A Short History of the Alexander Palace
American Visits to Alexander Palace
Alexander Palace - Palace Rooms
List of the Alexander Palace Kitchen Rooms
Alexander Palace - Palace Memories
Yelagin Palace Welcome Page
Pavlovsk Palace
Gatchina Palace - Main Page
The Alexander Palace Time Machine - Palace Archives
LIST OF REPAIRS TO THE ALEXANDER PALACE
Alexander Palace - Plan, Map and Churches of Tsarskoe Selo
Tsarskoe Selo Welcome Page
Catherine Palace of Tsarskoye Selo
Palaces of Petersburg - Welcome Page
Nickolas and Aleksandra's Imperial Fyodorovskii Cathedral
Imperial City - St. Petersburg in 1894
russia moscow kremlin assumption dormition cathedral uspensky sobor
The State Historical-cultural Museum-preserve "Moscow Kremlin"
Moscow Kremlin
For more, visit my Castles page.


RUSSIAN MILITARY & WAR
THE HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN NAVY - Contents
The Ships of Russia - History of the Russian Navy 
  The Kremlin Tour 
  Cossacks - The Cossack Web
  The Cossack Page 
Cossack Songs 
Russian Military Uniforms 
Weapons 
   Soviet Union Factbook
   The History of Russian and Soviet Armored Trains
   THE CRIMEAN WAR 
    Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939-1940 
  Mamayev Hill Virtual Tour
  Statue of the Motherland  
   Soviet Union Factbook - Afghanistan (1979-1989) 
  Afghanistan - Soviet Occupation (1979-1989)
   Orders and Medals of the USSR 
Andrei Sakharov: Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons and Human Rights 
  Russian Military Helicopter Pictures 
Look BELOW for more info on the World Wars and ALSO....visit my World War I and World War II pages.
For more on the Cold War, visit my Cold War Through Enduring Freedom page.


THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH
Russian Orthodox Church
Historical background on the Church
Russian Icons: Index
Ikons Windows into Heaven
Alexander Palace - Plan, Map and Churches of Tsarskoe Selo


THE JEWS IN RUSSIA
Beyond the Pale: The History of Jews in Russia
BEYOND THE PALE: Jews in the Russian Empire
Beyond the Pale: The Pogroms During the Civil War 1918 - 1921
BEYOND THE PALE: Jews in the Soviet Union
BEYOND THE PALE: Jews in the Soviet Union, 1941 - Present

Nicholas II, Olga, Tatiana, Marie, Anastasia, and Alexei(photo taken by Alexandra)
For the story behind the picture: A Romanov Scrapbook - Nickolas and his Children on the Balcony

ROYALTY & THE TSARS
ROYAL RUSSIA
RUSSIA, 862-1917
TITLE NOBILITY OF RUSSIA - GENEALOGY
Ivan the Terrible(IV), named Tsar in 1547, ruled until 1584
IVAN THE TERRIBLE
The Times of Trouble 
  Russia's Foreign Policy, 1725-1762 


THE ROMANOVS
Romanov Timeline
Czars Lobby
Mikhail(Michael) - Founder of the Romanov Dynasty, ruled 1613-1645
Alexei Mikhailovich, ruled 1645-1676
Feodor Alexeevich, ruled 1676-1682
Ivan V, ruled 1682-1696
Sophia Alexeevna, ruled 1682-1689
Peter The Great, ruled 1721-1725 
Peter the Great - Peter the Great of Russia - Peter the Great - The Personality of Peter the Great - Peter's Russia - Fashionable innovations of Tsar Peter the Great - Peter the Great - Olga's Gallery - Peter the Great's family values
  Peter the Great--World History lesson plan (grades 9-12)--DiscoverySchool.com 
Catherine I, ruled 1725-1727 
Peter II, ruled 1727-1730 
Anna Ivanovna, ruled 1730-1740 
Ivan VI, ruled 1740-1741
Elizaveta(Elizabeth), ruled 1741-1761
Peter III, ruled 1761-1762
Catherine The Great, ruled 1729-1796 
  Catherine the Great (1763-1796) : Foreign Policy - Catherine the Great - Temple of Catherine the Great - Russia's Dark Enlightenment - Catherine the Great waits for Peter III to blow - Catherine the Great - More on Catherine the Great - Catherine the Great FAQ 
Paul I, ruled 1796-1801
Alexander I, ruled 1801-1825 
Nicholas I, ruled 1825-1855
Alexander II, ruled 1855-1881 
Alexander III, ruled 1881-1894
Nicholas II, ruled 1894-1917
TIMELINE: NICHOLAS and ALEXANDRA 
  History & Culture of Russia / The Romanovs
MAP: Russian Empire in 1913 
MAP: St. Petersburg Area
 
***** Alexander Palace Org Websites - FABULOUS SITE!
The Alexander Palace Time Machine - Main Menu
**** A Romanov Photo Album - Main Page
Grandanor: Remembering the Romanovs
The Alexander Palace Time Machine - Palace Biographies - super bios on the family and the major players in the fall of the Romanovs.
Emperor Nicholas II
Aleksandra Fyodorovna - Empress
Grand Duchesses Biographies - Olga, Tatiana, Marie, and Anastasia
My Name is Anastasia
Tsaravich Aleksey
The Great War: Interviews - Massie: Hemophilia
**** Romanov Letters and Diaries
Extracts from the Letters of Anastasia
Extracts from the Letters of Olga
Extracts from the Letters of Maria
Extracts from the Letters of Tatiana
Extracts from the Diaries and letters of Alexei
Extracts from the Letters of Nicholas II
Extracts from Diaries of Nicholas II, Part 1 - Part 2
The Tsar's Table - Dining with the Royals
Menu and Recipes for Tatiana's Birthday, 1905
History and Overview of Court Dining
Emperor Nicholas II's Expenses
Aleksandra Fyodorovna's Expenses
Rooms of Aleksandra Fyodorovna
Rooms of Aleksandra Fyodorovna - the Mauve Room
Catherine Palace of Tsarskoye Selo
Tsarskoe Selo Welcome Page
Alexander Palace - Palace Rooms
Alexander Palace - Palace Memories
The Alexander Palace Time Machine - Palace Archives
Romanov Family Pets
Jewels of the Romanovs
St. Petersburg 1900 a Petersburg Travelogue by Bob Atchison
The Faberge Experience: Art & History
Treasures of the World - Faberge
Start of Russian Treasure in San Francisco
Unofficial Nicholas and Alexandra Romanov Home Page
The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra
NICHOLAS and ALEXANDRA - The Exhibition - Welcome Page
The Romanovs: Their Empire, Their Books
The International Romanov Society: Index
The Alexander Palace Time Machine Bios - Rasputin
History House: Stories: Rah Rah Rasputin
The Abdication of Nicholas II
World War I, Abdication of Nicholas II - English Copy of actual abdication document(also available in the original Russian).
Passion for the Romanovs: Favorite Links
Father Demetrios Serfes - The Royal Martyrs Of Russia
Father Demetrios Serfes - Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin
Life of the Holy New Martyr Grand Duchess Elizabeth
Murder of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth
The Unofficial Grand Duke Georgii Mikhailovich Home Page
Nicholas II and Alexandra; Anastasia Romanov and Anna Anderson
Clicking Anastasia: A Mystery of Romanov Russia
Clicking Anastasia
Last False Anastasia
The Lost Princess
HIH Grand Duchess Anastasia Historical Society
ANNA-ANASTASIA: NOTES ON FRANZISKA SCHANZKOWSKA
List of Items Found in Yekaterinburg
BURIAL OF THE IMPERIAL FAMILY
The Burial of Tsar Nicholas II & Family July 15-18, 1998
Canonization And Glorification Of Tsar Nicholas & Family In Russia
New Russian Orthodox Cathedral To Be Built In Ykaterinbrug, In Honor Of Tsar Nicholas
Holy Russia resurrects the czarist myth
THE RUSSIAN IMPERIAL SUCCESSION - article contesting the current head of the Romanov Dynasty.
NICHOLAS and ALEXANDRA - the STATE HERMITAGE MUSEUM in St. Petersburg
NICHOLAS and ALEXANDRA - Internet Russian Study Resource Links
NICHOLAS and ALEXANDRA - Remembering
Maksim Razumkin's Romanov's family
For more info on other royal houses, visit the Royalty section on my General World History page.

THE REVOLUTION
Did you know? The great Russian leader, Lenin died January 21, 1924, suffering from a degenerative brain disorder. At the time of his death his brain was a quarter of it's normal size.
The Revolution of 1905 
Kerensky's Platform
The Russian Revolution
History & Culture of Russia / The Path to Revolution 
  eHistory at OSU | The Russian Revolution through the Prism of Propaganda
  Causes of the Russian Revolution
The History of the Russian Revolution 
Vladimir Ilich Lenin Home Page 
The Josef Stalin Internet Archive
     Russia in Revolution 
Lenin's April Theses
  What is to be Done?, Vladimir Lenin 
  Manifesto of the Communist Party 
  The State and Revolution
Russia 1917 Page
The November Revolution  The Bolshevik "Coup d'Etat" November 7, 1917
1923: Revolutionary Silhouettes 
   The Chairman Smiles - Soviet Posters
Stalin Library - mirror site 
Russia: from revolution to counter-revolution
   America's Secret War:Intervention In The Russian Civil War, 1918-1920
  INTERNAL WORKINGS OF THE SOVIET UNION 
The Kremlin
  RED FILES


COMMUNISM
Marx and History
The Marx/Engels Internet Archive
Marxists Internet Archive
Marx and Engels' Writings
"Wage-Labor and Capital" by Karl Marx
THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
Study Guide for The Communist Manifesto
Museum of Communism - Main Entry
Listing of World Communist & Workers Parties
Soviet and American Communist Parties
COMMUNIST ONLINE


THE STALIN TERROR
Stalinism: Its Origins and Future
  The Josef Stalin Internet Archive 
Modern World History: Stalin
   Stalin's Russia: A Study in Totalitarianism and Autocracy   
Another view of Stalin 
  Stalin and Industrialization 
  Collectivization and Industrialization 
  Stalin and the Crisis in Agriculture, 1928 
  New Russia's Primer - The Story of the Five-Year Plan (1931) 
  Genocide in the 20th Century - Stalin's Forced Famine, 1932-33 
  Propaganda & Dreams, Photographing the 1930s in the USSR and the US
    Ukrainian Famine, 1932-1933 
Russia.Net - History: Stalin and the War
Stalin Library - mirror site 
  Repression and Terror: Stalin in Control
Collectivization and Industrialization
More on Collectivization and Industrialization 
Kirov Murder and Purges 
Repression and Terror: Kirov Murder and Purges 
Ukrainian Famine 
Early Cooperation: American Famine Relief
The Gulag
   The GULAG
The Kremlin 
  INTERNAL WORKINGS OF THE SOVIET UNION 
  Soviet Union Factbook
Russia Struggles to be a Superpower
  RED FILES
 
For more on Stalin during WWII, check out the World Wars section below and visit my World War II page.

SOVIET PROPAGANDA POSTERS
  Russian Posters 
  Soviet poster art - Political Art-Gallery 
  Soviet Posters - Come the Revolution! 
  soviet propaganda poster art
  Russian & Soviet Posters: World War II Posters 


WORLD WARS
World War I
The "Willy-Nicky" Telegrams
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Appendices, Status of the Russian Fleet, 1918
NORTH RUSSIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE 1918-1919
For much more, please visit my World War I page.

World War II
WWII - The Eastern Front
  MAP: Plan Operation Barbarossa 
  World War II: The Soviet Experience 
  Barbarossa 
  Operation Barbarossa 
  Operation: Barbarossa 
  Army Group North - Army Group Center - Army Group South 
    Soviet Union Factbook - Red Navy (World War II) 
  Soviet Union Factbook - Red Army (World War II) 
  Soviet Union Factbook - Red Air Force (World War II) 
  Russia.Net - History: Stalin and the War 
    1942 Man of the Year: Joseph Stalin 
Soviet Women Pilots in the Great Patriotic War 
Relevant Soviet aircraft 
The Russian Campaign 1941-1945  A photo diary 
   Welcome to Stalingrad! Mamayev Hill. The Battle on the Volga (Volgograd)
   Russia Struggles to be a Superpower 
  Russian & Soviet Posters: World War II Posters 

For much more, check out my World War II page.


COLD WAR
Cold War: Cuban missile crisis
Andrei Sakharov: Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons and Human Rights
Krushchev's Challenge: The U-2 Dilemma
Sputnik: First Artificial Satellite
For much more, visit my Cold War Through Enduring Freedom and 20th Century America pages.


AFTER THE REVOLUTION TO 1991 & THE FALL OF THE U.S.S.R.
History of Modern Russia
**** Soviet Leaders
1989 -- The Walls Came Tumbling Down
Beyond The Fall: The Former Soviet Bloc in Transition
Gorbachev and Perestroika
Portraits of Soviet and Russian Political Leaders
Revolution in Eastern Europe: 1989
Chernobyl
Chernobyl
Afghanistan - Soviet Occupation (1979-1989)
Perestroika
THE SOVIET UNION AND THE UNITED STATES


RUSSIA TODAY - THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS)
MAP: Commonwealth of Independent States
MAP: Russian Federation in 1998
US Dept. of State Background Notes: Russia (11/01)
Russian Politics - Internet Resources
Russian Foreign Policy - Internet Resources
Perestroika
Gorbachev
Coup in the Soviet Union: Day I: 18-19 August 1991
Coup in the Soviet Union: Day 2: 20 August 1991
Coup in the Soviet Union: Day 3: 21 August 1991
Russian Organized Crime Index
Interfax News Agency -- News and Reports from the Russian Federation
Friends and Partners : promote better understanding between the US & RUSSIA
Portraits of Soviet and Russian Political Leaders
Problems of START-2 Treaty Ratification in Russia. Is START-3 Possible?
Russian Space Agency
The Russian Space Program
Russia On Autopilot, Muslim Genocide Continues


BACK IN THE USSR....NOT
Azerbaijan Links Page
Georgia (The Country) Links Page
Kazakhstan Links Page
Kyrgyzstan Links Page
Moldova Links Page
Tajikistan Links Page
Turkmenistan Links Page
Ukraine Links Page
Uzbekistan Links Page
Map of the Asian States
MAP: the European States

VARIOUS MISC. TOPICS
 RED FILES - Russia during the 20th century
Hangin' with the Russian Peasants
Starving the Russian Peasants (The Famine of 1891)
  The Historical Mongol Empire
Russian Cuisine
Russia / Exploring Siberia / The Trans-Siberian Railway
Russian and Soviet Costume Page
Russian Prison Tattoos
Illustrated history of Russia and the Former USSR
Friends and Partners : promote better understanding between the US & RUSSIA
  Early Cooperation: American Famine Relief 
  Meeting of Frontiers: meeting of the Russian-American frontier in Alaska
  LITTLE RUSSIA IN US 
  Pittsburgh Russian Film Symposium Homepage 
  GAME: Russia since 1945 - Walk the Plank game

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