World History Final Exam Term B STUDY GUIDE

Name:

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Figure 4-1

According to Figure 4-1, which of the following people ruled during the same time as Louis XIV?

a.	Henry IV	c.	Frederick II
b.	Peter the Great	d.	Catherine the Great

According to Figure 4-1, Oliver Cromwell became head of England during the same time that

a.	Louis XIV ruled France.	c.	Frederick II ruled Prussia.
b.	Philip II ruled Spain.	d.	Catherine the Great ruled Russia.

James I of England believed in the divine right of kings, which is

a.	the belief that a king was granted the wisdom of God upon ascending to the throne, and therefore was faultless.
b.	the concept that kings were equal to God, and therefore did not have to live by the laws of the Church.
c.	the theory that kings alone could know the mind of God, and therefore could determine the future through divination.
d.	the idea that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God.

What is absolutism?

a.	the practice by monarchs of undergoing daily absolution to keep states free of the burden of sin
b.	the belief that all citizens within a state must conform to one religion
c.	an offshoot of Islam, in which it is believed that baptism absolves all past and future sins
d.	a system of government in which a ruler holds total power

The work of William Shakespeare is perhaps the best example of ____ literature.

a.	Elizabethan
b.	baroque
c.	Gothic
d.	Mannerist

The ideas of ____can be found in the American Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution.

a.	Thomas Wilson
b.	John Calvin
c.	Miguel de Cervantes
d.	John Locke

Shah Jahan had the ____ built in Agra in memory of his wife.

a.	Taj Mahal
b.	Mumtaz
c.	Isfahan
d.	Plassey

“Gunpowder empires” were empires that

a.	were maintained only by the constant presence of a heavily armed force.
b.	were formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions they conquered.
c.	disintegrated almost as quickly as they were formed.
d.	encountered zero resistance.

The ____ brought an era of unity to the subcontinent of India in the 1600s.

a.	Christians
b.	Moguls
c.	Muslims
d.	Mongols

Figure 5-1

10.

Which event in Figure 5-1 suggests that the American Revolution had a global impact?

a.	England and Scotland unite	c.	the Russian Charter of Nobility is signed
b.	the French Revolution	d.	the Treaty of Paris

11.

Which event in Figure 5-1 best supports the generalization that Enlightenment reforms lagged behind in some parts of Europe?

a.	The Russian Charter of Nobility is signed.
b.	The Dutch Revolution begins.
c.	The French Revolution begins.
d.	The American Revolution begins.

12.

____ was the first to argue that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe.

a.	Ptolemy
b.	Nicholas Copernicus
c.	Johannes Kepler
d.	Martin Luther

13.

To Voltaire and many other philosophes, the universe was

a.	a divine creation.
b.	unknowable at all.
c.	like a clock.
d.	constructed like a flower.

14.

In Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s concept of a social contract,

a.	an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will.
b.	punishments are not exercises in brutality, and capital punishment is discarded.
c.	the government should not interfere in economic matters.
d.	women should be granted rights nearly equal to those of men.

15.

As a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1763,

a.	France gained control of Great Britain’s holdings in India in exchange for French territories in North America.
b.	Austria regained control of Silesia from Prussia.
c.	Maria Theresa of Austria was able to effect a diplomatic revolution and win France as an ally.
d.	Great Britain gained control of India and North America, making it the world’s greatest colonial power.

16.

____ was the first country to grant diplomatic recognition to the new American state.

a.	France
b.	Prussia
c.	Spain
d.	Austria

17.

The Constitutional Convention began as

a.	a meeting to draft a declaration of independence from British rule.
b.	the result of a vote by the new Congress to adopt amendments that guaranteed certain freedoms.
c.	a meeting of delegates to revise the Articles of Confederation.
d.	a plan to divide up the lands of the thirteen colonies into states.

18.

Galileo’s observations seemed to indicate that

a.	Copernicus and Kepler were wrong in their beliefs about the moon goddess.
b.	the Catholic Church’s beliefs about the heavens were correct.
c.	Plato was correct about the way the planets were arranged.
d.	the heavenly bodies were composed of material substance just like Earth, not pure orbs of light.

19.

Montesquieu’s most lasting contribution to political thought was his

a.	analysis of the governmental system of checks and balances.
b.	identification of the natural laws that governed human society.
c.	theory that the government should interfere with religious matters.
d.	idea that punishments should be brutal to be effective.

20.

The American nation’s first constitution was called the

a.	Rights of Man.
b.	Constitution of the United States of America.
c.	Articles of Confederation.
d.	Bill of Rights.

21.

The Committee of Public Safety was given broad powers to

a.	drain all the canals.
b.	defend France from threats.
c.	protect the Paris Commune from thieves.
d.	restore order to Brussels.

22.

In his final battle, Napoleon was defeated by

a.	the bitter Russian winter.
b.	a combined French and Swiss army.
c.	the Duke of Wellington.
d.	the superior British navy.

23.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen proclaimed

a.	equal rights for all men, but no political rights for women.
b.	an end to the monarchy and the abolishing of a National Assembly.
c.	equal rights for all citizens, including equal political rights for women.
d.	an end to the National police force.

24.

The most important of the seven legal codes established by Napoleon was

a.	the Religious Code.
b.	the Food Code.
c.	the Merchant Code.
d.	the Civil Code.

25.

The production of ____ was one of the first industries to be affected by the Industrial Revolution.

a.	automobiles
b.	cotton cloth
c.	toys
d.	furniture

26.

The formation of the Confederate States of America was sparked by

a.	the battle at Fort Sumter.
b.	the decision of the Kentucky convention to secede from the United States.
c.	the election of Abraham Lincoln as president of the United States.
d.	the assassination of Abraham Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth.

27.

____ emphasized feelings and imagination as sources of knowing.

a.	Rationalism
b.	Romanticism
c.	Conservatism
d.	Realpolitik

28.

The ____ was crucial to Britain’s Industrial Revolution.

a.	bicycle
b.	flying shuttle
c.	water-powered loom
d.	steam engine

29.

The pitiful conditions created by the Industrial Revolution gave rise to

a.	the Iron Workers’ Revolt of 1886.
b.	the organization of charitable groups.
c.	socialism, in which society owns and controls the means of production.
d.	a cry for rights for animals that worked in coal mines.

Figure 11-1

30.

According to Figure 11-1, between which years was the number of immigrants to the United States the greatest?

a.	1911–1915	c.	1901–1905
b.	1881–1885	d.	1906–1910

31.

Which of the following generalizations about immigration and population growth in the United States is supported by Figure 11-1?

a.	Immigration contributed little to population growth.
b.	Immigration’s contribution to population growth increased steadily between 1861 and 1920.
c.	Immigration contributed greatly to population growth.
d.	Immigration contributed most to population growth before the 1900s.

32.

Social reforms passed in Britain in the late 1800s helped which of the following groups most?

a.	women	c.	middle-class men
b.	industrial workers	d.	farmers

33.

In 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment gave

a.	African American men the right to vote.	c.	women the right to vote.
b.	citizenship to Native Americans.	d.	slaves their freedom.

34.

In the early 1800s, Parliament represented primarily the interests of

a.	everyone in Britain.	c.	wealthy landowners.
b.	mainly the middle class.	d.	the working-class majority.

35.

Before the Civil War, one of the major issues between the North and the South was

a.	free trade.
b.	the extension of slavery into new states.
c.	voting rights for women.
d.	the election of Abraham Lincoln as president.

36.

The alliance between Great Britain, Russia, and France was known as the

a.	Western Advance.
b.	Triple Entente.
c.	Allied Powers.
d.	League of Nations.

37.

The internal-combustion engine gave rise to

a.	severe air pollution in two industrialized cities.
b.	automobiles, airplanes, and improved ocean liners.
c.	streetcars and subways.
d.	a true American economy.

38.

The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy was known as the

a.	Austro-Germany Empire.
b.	Axis Powers.
c.	Triple Alliance.
d.	Eastern Powers.

Figure 12-1

39.

According to Figure 12-1, to which region were most of the enslaved Africans taken?

a.	to mainland South America	c.	to the United States
b.	to the Caribbean	d.	to Europe

40.

According to Figure 12-1, what percentage of captured Africans were sent to the United States as slaves?

a.	17%	c.	6%
b.	38%	d.	16%

41.

Which of the following statements is supported by Figure 12-1?

a.	Slavery was rare in the Caribbean.
b.	The Europeans were morally opposed to slavery.
c.	Americans were less tolerant than the Europeans toward slavery.
d.	The use of slaves was common in Brazil.

42.

How did the Industrial Revolution encourage imperialism?

a.	It made Europeans feel sorry for their "little brothers."
b.	It created a need for land.
c.	It created a need for raw materials and markets.
d.	It made westerners feel obligated to improve the human species.

43.

Which of the following statements regarding China in the 1800s is true?

a.	It was the center of a flourishing civilization.
b.	It was in the midst of an economic revival.
c.	It was a growing industrial nation.
d.	Its society and economy were in decline.

44.

Which of the following was used as a justification for imperialism?

a.	genocide	c.	westernization
b.	Social Darwinism	d.	resistance to expansion

45.

If a colony was run by ____, local elites were removed from power and replaced with a new set of officials from the mother country.

a.	divine rule
b.	colonial rule
c.	direct rule
d.	Queensbury rule

46.

What was the “white man’s burden”?

a.	bigger, stronger Europeans could carry more baggage
b.	the belief that Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive peoples
c.	the crowded urban living conditions created by the Second Industrial Revolution
d.	the unpopular belief that Europeans were responsible for the mass destruction of many African cultures

Figure 13-1

47.

According to Figure 13-1, the value of Japanese exports was greater than the value of imports during the period from

a.	1878–1882.	c.	1898–1902.
b.	1883–1887.	d.	1908–1912.

48.

Which of the following statements is accurate according to Figure 13-1?

a.	Between 1878 and 1912, Japanese trade declined steadily.
b.	Between 1878 and 1912, Japanese trade remained about the same.
c.	After 1893, the value of Japanese imports was greater than the value of its exports.
d.	After 1893, the value of Japanese exports was greater than the value of its imports.

49.

Which of the following results followed Perry’s expedition to Japan in 1853?

a.	Japan allowed the Dutch to trade at Nagasaki.
b.	Japan opened its ports to American trade.
c.	Japan closed its ports to all foreigners.
d.	Japan defeated Perry’s naval forces.

50.

Japan became an imperialist power by gaining control of

a.	Russia.	c.	Indochina.
b.	Thailand.	d.	Korea.

51.

Siam remained independent by

a.	defeating invaders.
b.	becoming a buffer between British and French colonies.
c.	refusing to accept treaties with European countries.
d.	resisting modernization.

52.

In the late 1800s, American sugar growers overthrew Queen Liliuokalani and asked the United States to annex

a.	Cuba.	c.	Samoa.
b.	the Philippines.	d.	Hawaii.

53.

What did the people of Africa, Asia, and Latin America contribute to the global economy that emerged in the early 1900s?

a.	investment capital	c.	technology
b.	labor and resources	d.	manufactured goods

54.

Western imperialist nations tried to modernize the lands they conquered by

a.	adopting the cultural traditions of subject people.
b.	imposing western culture on subject people.
c.	encouraging subject people to keep their own traditions.
d.	showing no interest in the cultures of subject people.

55.

The political consequences of imperialism included

a.	increased tensions among western powers.
b.	greater cooperation among western powers.
c.	acceptance of colonial rule in Africa and Asia.
d.	strengthening of local governments in Africa and Asia.

56.

Which of the following places remained an independent buffer between British and French colonies in Southeast Asia?

a.	Indonesia	c.	Burma
b.	the Philippines	d.	Siam

57.

As a result of the British North America Act, Canada became

a.	a self-governing nation.
b.	a British colony.
c.	divided into English-speaking and French-speaking colonies.
d.	closed to immigration.

58.

Australia and New Zealand gained independence through

a.	war with Britain.
b.	nationalist movements of indigenous peoples.
c.	intervention by the United States.
d.	demands by white settlers for self-rule.

59.

The United States intervened in Latin American countries in the early 1900s to

a.	spread western civilization.	c.	protect American lives and investments.
b.	gain additional colonies.	d.	grant independence.

60.

Most profits from the global economy that emerged in the early 1900s went to

a.	industrialized nations of the West.	c.	European colonies in Southeast Asia.
b.	local economies in Africa and Asia.	d.	independent Latin American nations.

61.

To western imperial powers, modernization meant that subject people should

a.	preserve their cultural traditions.	c.	spread non-western cultures.
b.	accept western culture.	d.	organize nationalist movements.

62.

Mohandas Gandhi protested British laws by

a.	staging massive labor strikes to cripple British business interests in India.
b.	using terrorism in an attempt to drive the British out of India.
c.	using methods of civil disobedience, that is, refusing to obey laws considered to be unjust.
d.	refusing to eat Irish potatoes.

63.

____ is a more modern term for genocide, the deliberate mass murder of particular racial, political, or cultural groups.

a.	Gene splicing
b.	Patricide
c.	Ethnic cleansing
d.	Regicide

64.

What was the name of the group that conspired to assassinate Archduke Francis Ferdinand?

a.	the Serbian People’s Front
b.	the Red Band
c.	the Bosnian Militia
d.	the Black Hand

65.

The Western Front was characterized by

a.	the slow but steady advance of the German army.
b.	trench warfare that kept both sides in virtually the same positions for four years.
c.	decisive victories by the French army, quickly driving back the German forces.
d.	innovative strategy and tactics that fully utilized the new technologies available to both armies.

66.

The Treaty of Versailles was

a.	a peace settlement that consisted of five separate treaties with the defeated nations.
b.	forced upon Austria, and gave some of its land to the new state of Poland.
c.	the treaty signed with Germany that many Germans felt was a harsh peace.
d.	a defensive alliance between Great Britain, France, and the United States.

67.

World War I was a ____, meaning that it involved a complete mobilization of resources and people.

a.	modern conflict
b.	trench war
c.	total war
d.	mobile conflict

68.

The Schlieffen Plan was

a.	Austria-Hungary’s attempt to negotiate a peaceful settlement with Serbia.
b.	Germany’s proposal for dividing up Serbia between Russia and Austria-Hungary.
c.	the Black Hand’s plan to assassinate the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
d.	Germany’s plan for a two-front war with Russia and France, which had formed a military alliance.

69.

What caused the United States to join the Allies in fighting World War I?

a.	the sinking of the Titanic
b.	the German embargo on gasoline
c.	the United States’s fear of the Austro-Hungarian powers
d.	the Germans’ use of unrestricted submarine warfare

Figure 15-1

70.

According to Figure 15-1, which of the following best describes the movement of the Soviet population from 1926–1939?

a.	away from Leningrad and toward Moscow
b.	out of the south and toward the north and west
c.	away from Moscow and toward cities in the north, south, and east
d.	from the east to the west

71.

Figure 15-1 gives you information about which of the following in the Soviet Union?

a.	population growth	c.	the movement of people
b.	the location of the largest cities	d.	population density

72.

Lenin believed that a socialist revolution could succeed in Russia if

a.	revolutions were carried out at the same time in other parts of Europe.
b.	Russia became an industrial state.
c.	the peasants owned the land they worked.
d.	a small group of dedicated revolutionaries controlled the government.

73.

Which of the following was a result of the Bolshevik Revolution?

a.	civil war in Russia
b.	World War I
c.	war between Russia and Japan
d.	fighting between the Bolsheviks and the Red Army

74.

Lenin’s New Economic Policy was designed to

a.	end all traces of capitalism.
b.	rebuild the Soviet economy.
c.	make the Soviet Union into an industrial state.
d.	end state control over farms and industry.

75.

Stalin rose to power by

a.	assassinating Lenin.
b.	winning the confidence of the Russian people.
c.	building a loyal following among Communist party members.
d.	using the Red Army to defeat his enemies.

76.

The main purpose of Stalin’s five-year plans was to

a.	turn the Soviet Union into a military power.
b.	increase farm production.
c.	produce more consumer goods.
d.	turn the Soviet Union into a modern industrial power.

77.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding Soviet society?

a.	There were no social classes.
b.	Farm workers made up a new elite.
c.	Communist party members made up a privileged group.
d.	Landowners remained at the top of the social order.

78.

One cause of the March 1917 revolution in Russia was

a.	the death of Rasputin.	c.	Lenin’s return to Russia.
b.	food shortages.	d.	the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

79.

In the civil war that broke out after the Bolshevik Revolution, the Red Army fought against the

a.	Bolsheviks.	c.	Communists.
b.	Whites.	d.	Cheka.

80.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Soviet Union under Lenin?

a.	It was a classless society.
b.	The government was democratic.
c.	The Communist party held absolute control over the government.
d.	Capitalism was completely abolished.

81.

Stalin became the Soviet leader as the result of

a.	Lenin’s death.	c.	a popular uprising.
b.	Trotsky’s assassination.	d.	a free election.

82.

Which of the following was an effect of Stalin’s five-year plans?

a.	The Soviet standard of living increased greatly.
b.	Agricultural output increased.
c.	The Soviet Union became a major military power.
d.	Heavy industry expanded.

83.

Stalin mainly used propaganda to

a.	promote militarism.	c.	wage a war against illiteracy.
b.	increase support for communism.	d.	wage a war against smallpox.

84.

A ____ state is a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens.

a.	socialist
b.	European
c.	Communist
d.	totalitarian

85.

The purpose of Stalin’s Five Year Plans was to

a.	transform the USSR from an agricultural into an industrial economy.
b.	strengthen the Red Army so that it could take back lost territories.
c.	reduce the massive poverty and improve the standard of living.
d.	drastically boost food production to end the widespread famines.

86.

The Enabling Act allowed Hitler to establish a totalitarian state by

a.	giving the government the power to ignore the constitution for four years.
b.	establishing concentration camps for people who opposed the new regime.
c.	dissolving the trade unions and abolishing all sports activities.
d.	abolishing the office of the president and declaring Hitler the sole ruler.

87.

What was the Kristallnacht?

a.	It was a German concentration camp at which thousands of Jews were executed.
b.	It was a set of racial laws that excluded Jews from German citizenship.
c.	It was a destructive Nazi rampage against the Jews.
d.	It was Hitler’s idea of Expressionism that eventually led to war.

88.

An ____ is a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment.

a.	economic cycle
b.	expressionist cycle
c.	economic depression
d.	inflationary period

89.

Fascism glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for

a.	a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler.
b.	a communal system of play in which the state owns the means of production.
c.	special taxes to help pay for public works programs.
d.	volunteers to help build bridges, roads, and public buildings.

90.

A factor in leading many Germans to accept Hitler and the Nazis was

a.	Hitler’s abolition of the Reichstag.
b.	the regime’s temporary suspension of all crime for four years.
c.	the Catholic Church’s support of the new regime.
d.	the belief that Hitler had ended Germany’s economic depression.

Figure 31-1

91.

According to Figure 31-1, which of the following areas was added to the Soviet Union after World War II?

a.	Turkey	c.	Switzerland
b.	Latvia	d.	Austria

92.

According to Figure 31-1, which of the following Eastern European countries remained free of Soviet control?

a.	Poland	c.	Greece
b.	Albania	d.	Hungary

93.

Two days after Hitler’s invasion of ____, Britain and France declared war on Germany.

a.	Poland
b.	Austria
c.	France
d.	Slovakia

94.

Hitler’s blitzkrieg, or “lightning war,” was

a.	a new form of warfare that used airplanes exclusively for the first wave of attack.
b.	a form of attack that used tank divisions supported by air attacks.
c.	a strategy in which armies rested very little between attacks to wear the enemy down more quickly.
d.	an air force strategy that combined jets and helicopters in a single attack.

95.

On December 7, 1941, the Japanese

a.	launched a full-scale invasion of Southern China.
b.	attacked the British colony on the Bataan Peninsula.
c.	launched a surprise attack on the U.S. Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor.
d.	invaded Alaska.

96.

At the Tehran Conference, Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill agreed

a.	to establish a League of Nations organization after the war.
b.	to defeat Germany and then unite against China.
c.	to end the League of Nations mandates over the Middle Eastern countries.
d.	to a partition of postwar Germany.

97.

Great Britain’s policy of ____ toward Germany was based on the belief that the satisfaction of reasonable demands would maintain peace in Europe.

a.	firm resistance
b.	detente
c.	appeasement
d.	Anschluss

98.

The ____ was the period of political tension following World War II.

a.	Iron Curtain
b.	Yalta Era
c.	Potsdam Period
d.	Cold War

99.

At the Yalta Conference, the Allies agreed to

a.	allow free elections in Africa.
b.	the establishment of a United Nations organization after the war.
c.	a military treaty pledging support to each other against any future attacks.
d.	resolve all future disagreements peacefully to avoid another such terrible war.

100.

The slaughter of European civilians, particularly European Jews, by the Nazis became known as what?

a.	the Cold War
b.	the Great Atrocity
c.	the Holocaust
d.	the Vast Massacre